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Development of methods for fast soil analysis
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
The submitted diploma thesis aims to extend the use of thermogravimetry for the analysis of organic C and total N contents in soils. The advantages of thermogravimetry in comparison to conventional analytical methods are that it is a versatile technique that provides fast analysis, does not require sample pretreatment and chemicals– and can be used for the analysis of various soil types. The research work performed so far showed correlations between thermogravimetric data and some soil properties. In the past, intact soils exposed to 76% relative humidity (RH) were analyzed by thermogravimetry for these purposes. However, this humidity is problematic to achieve and maintain for most thermogravimeters. Recent work has shown that correlations can be observed in agricultural land exposed to lower RH. Therefore, it can be assumed that a correlation between TG data exists in soils exposed to any RH. TG could then be used to analyze soil properties under any known RH conditions. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis and try to incorporate knowledge of RH into the relationships between TG and soil properties. For this reason, intact soils exposed to the relative humidity of 30, 55, and 76% were analyzed in this work. It was demonstrated the dependence between organic C content and mass loss between 320 and 330°C as well as total nitrogen content and mass loss between 410 and 420°C independently of relative humidity. Based on that knowledge, we have derived equations enabling determination of the content of organic C and total N for RH ranging 43% - 76% using mass losses and knowledge of RH. Nevertheless, due to the low number of tested RH, the equations are still only preliminary and need to be improved by analyzing soil samples at a larger number of RH.
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Vliv termínu odběru půdních vzorků na hodnotu půdní reakce
Fikselová, Barbora
The bachelor thesis deals with soil reaction, which is one of the main properties of soil. In order to assess the actual condition of the soil, it is necessary to take soil samples under the right conditions. The question arises whether the date of soil sampling during the year could affect the soil reaction values. To investigate this issue, two locations were selected. On the observed estate in Vatín, sampling was carried out in weekly intervals, and on an estate in Hradčovice, in monthly intervals. Active (pH/H2O) and exchangeable (pH/KCl, pH/CaCl2) soil reaction analysis was performed on the samples collected. In addition, samples were taken to determine soil moisture, air temperature data were obtained, and activities conducted on the property were recorded to corroborate changes in these characteristics where appropriate. As emerged from the results that soil reaction is influenced by seasonal variations on the property. The largest variations occurred in the active soil reaction and the exchange soil reaction determined in potassium chloride. The observed changes were most presented with increases and decreases in soil moisture and land disturbance by agricultural activities. The air temperature also had an effect.
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Hodnocení aberace půdy vybraných katastrů okresu Třebíč
Nováček, Miroslav
This bachelor thesis focuses on farmland aberration, which is the change in soil properties over time, this change can be positive or negative. To determine the form of aberration, the results of soil analysis were compared with the results of a Comprehensive soil survey from 1965, in the cadastral area of the municipalities of Hartvíkovice and Popůvky in the Třebíč district. The compared values include mainly soil exchange reaction, grain size and humus content. Various soil degradation processes, including water and wind erosion, acidification, loss of organic matter and compaction, cause the negative aberration. After analysis, the results showed that for all the probes examined, positive aberration occurred with an increase in pH and humus content. There was a change in the grain composition of the soils and some soil horizons were shortened.
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Effect of drought on plant-soil interactions
Secká, Gabriela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Florianová, Anna (referee)
There are feedback processes happening between plants and the soil, called plant-soil feedback (PSF), during which the plants affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and the soil in turn affects not only fitness of individual plant types, but also interspecific interactions. The influence of PSF can manifest either instantaneously or with a delay, and it has a lot of external factors affecting it. The aim of my work was literary research, which focuses on the effects of drought on PSF. Frequent and repeating droughts, which are one of the consequences of climate change, affect not only the processes happening in ecosystems, but also individual organisms present in them, including microorganisms living in the soil. Intense droughts mainly cause temperature increases, decreases in soil moisture and soil degradation. The consequences of the drought include lowering of the primary productivity of plants and changes in the composition of soil and plant ecosystems. These changes, which influence the PSF, manifest as either positive or negative feedback.
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Pedological investigation for the design of a natural swimming pool in Olešná u Blanska
Ouředníková, Eliška ; Tomášová, Gabriela (referee) ; Paseka, Stanislav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is devoted to the problems of pedological investigation including detailed analysis of collected soil samples, such as determination of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of soil. The detailed pedological investigation is followed by another part of the bachelor thesis which deals with the design of bathing ponds, suitable vegetation and animal life in them. The main part of the thesis describes field sampling, laboratory work, evaluation of measurement results and soil classification. The thesis also presents swimming pond zones, materials for construction, examples of fish stocking and flora for the regeneration zone. The thesis includes an evaluation of a practical application, which was carried out in a specific location in the village of Olesna, and a design of the bathing pond is included.
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Environmental aspects of wastewater treatment and reuse in nature based technologies
Šereš, Michal
In recent years, the issue of appropriate and efficient approaches to wastewater management and its potential reuse has become increasingly important in view of the geographical conditions of Central Europe, where, until recently, the problems associated with climate change and drought may not have seemed so pressing at first sight. Increasingly, so-called nature-based water management solutions, which help to both clean the water and retain it in the landscape, are being proposed. In drier, especially arid areas, this topic has been under discussion for many years and several examples of larger-scale applications are available. In the Czech Republic, on the other hand, mainly pilot applications only have been considered to date. However, the potential of nature-based solutions such as constructed wetlands, denitrification bioreactors, artificial wetlands and so-called reed bed units, is considerable. The advantages lie mainly in the robustness of these systems and their ability to mimic and intensify the natural water purification processes that occur in nature. They can be applied to waters contaminated with common fecal pollution or with higher nutrient content, as well as to waters contaminated with various types of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, hormonally-active substances and...
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Posouzení erozního ohrožení vybraných svahů na území obce Vlásenice
POZNÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The theoretical part of the bachelor´s thesis is devoted to the formation of soil and the division of reference classes of soil. Soil properties are also mentioned here. In particular, it concerns the physical, chemical and physical - mechanical properties of the soil. This section also discusses land degradation caused by water and legislation related to land degradation. The public land register is also mentioned. The partical part is devoted on the analysis of selected plots of land in the cadastral territory of Vlásenice threatened by soil degradation. A soil protection technology in the form of a soil protection seeding procedure was chosen for the selected plots of land, whichc complies with the anti - erosion decree
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Influence of bioplastic biodegradation on soil properties
Stanislavová, Veronika ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Biodegradabilné polyméry sa na trhu stávajú čoraz populárnejšími, a to najmä v poľnohospodárstve, kde sa vďaka svojim priaznivým vlastnostiam používajú ako nátery a mulčovacie fólie. V tejto štúdii bol skúmaný vplyv poly-3-hydroxybutyrátu (P3HB), vnútrobunkového bakteriálneho polyméru, na rôzne vlastnosti pôdy vrátane fyzikálnych, chemických a biologických parametrov s cieľom posúdiť jeho potenciálne využitie v poľnohospodárstve. Výsledky ukázali, že P3HB mal negatívny vplyv na obsah sušiny v pôde, nadzemnú biomasu a spôsobil mierne zníženie pH pôdy. Okrem toho sa aktivita vybraných enzýmov výrazne zvýšila, keď sa P3HB aplikoval samostatne alebo došlo k ešte väčšiemu nárastu v kombinácií s niektorými pôdnymi doplnkami. Výsledky sa líšili v závislosti od použitého pôdneho doplnku. Účinky boli buď negatívne, neutrálne alebo pozitívne. Na posúdenie miery biodegradácie P3HB, vplyvu P3HB na organickú hmotu a zadržiavanie vody sa použila termogravimetrická analýza. Bolo preukázané, že prítomnosť organických doplnkov ovplyvnila rýchlosť degradácie P3HB a iných organických látok v pôde. Okrem toho aplikácia P3HB do pôdy viedla k inhibícii rastu rastlín (Zea mays L.). Pridanie zmien do pôdy pred aplikáciou P3HB tento účinok zlepšilo len okrajovo. Dospelo sa k záveru, že biodegradácia P3HB podporovala mikrobiálnu aktivitu, čo mohlo v konečnom dôsledku negatívne ovplyvniť dostupnosť esenciálnych živín v pôde. Okrem toho výsledky z termogravimetrickej analýzy naznačujú, že kombinácia P3HB a biouhlia by mohla prispieť k lepšiemu zadržiavania vody v pôde.
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Posouzení erozního ohrožení vybraných svahů na území obce Litochovice
BABKA, Václav
Erosion is now a major global problem. In my thesis I focused on its impact on land in the cadastral area of the village of Litochovice in the South Bohemian Region near the district town of Strakonice. The content of the first part of the thesis is an ex planation of the problem of erosion, especially water erosion, its causes and con sequences, as well as some possible erosion control measures that can suppress water erosion or at least mitigate its consequences. However, other types of soil erosion are also mentioned. In the second part of the thesis, I assessed individual plots in terms of erosion risk using the LPIS application and suggested suitable farming methods, erosion con trol measures and seeding practices using the application Protierozní kalkulačka.
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Dynamika půdního stavu během vegetačního období
Trnka, Tomáš
The bachelor thesis focuses on the dynamics of the soil condition of the land during growing season. The object of the study was a cambium in the cadastral area of Šeborov (district Žďár nad Sázavou). In this work we assessed selected soil properties. The stability of soil aggregates, bulk density, porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, soil moisture, soil reactions and organic carbon content were evaluated. The stability of soil aggregates showed statistically significant differences, as did moisture. The agroecological limits were not exceeded for bulk density or porosity during the entire vegetation period. Maximum capillary capacity values ranged from 20 % to 30 % during the growing season. The values of the minimum air capacity exceeded a satisfactory value of 15–20 % for almost the entire vegetation period. The active soil reaction was evaluated in the range for weakly acidic soil and the exchange soil reaction for acidic soil.
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